This action plan adheres to the principles of ecosystem management, as described by the Ecological Society of America (Appendix B, Christensen et al. 1996). This approach to conservation planning is increasingly common in natural resource management, and is the management paradigm already adopted by the DNR and many other conservation partners.

The WAP is one of many tools that work together within an ecosystem management process to integrate ecological, social and economic factors into a comprehensive approach aimed at protecting and enhancing sustainability, diversity and productivity of natural resources. Because many different views must be represented within this comprehensive perspective, a large and diverse group of conservation partners were asked to participate in development of this document.

Information presented herein is based on the best scientific data available, and recommendations for additional research are offered to help address knowledge gaps and poorly understood natural resource relationships at various ecological levels.

This action plan recognizes that ecosystem processes operate over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Implementation of recommended conservation actions should proceed with recognition that ecosystem processes are dynamic, and change and evolution are inherent in ecosystem sustainability. Therefore, the WAP incorporates adaptability to aid in conservation of these processes over the long term and to maximize benefits to Michigan citizens, visitors and future generations.