THREATS	EXAMPLES
Habitat Conversion
Industrial, residential and recreational development	Housing, industrial development, golf courses, ski areas, cell towers, wind farms, roads
Wetland modifications	Tiling for agriculture, wetland filling for development
Conversion to agriculture	Farms, plantations
Dams	Impoundments, beaver dams
Dredging and channelization	Changes to riparian corridors
Incompatible natural resource management	Prescribed burn patterns and frequency, wetland and water-level manipulation, vegetative planting and manipulation, floodings and dam maintenance/removal
Consumptive Biological Resource Use
Removal of wildlife	Legal harvest, illegal harvest, incidental harvest
Forestry practices	Removal of trees from forests and associated activities that have a direct influence on wildlife and landscape features, regardless of how well or poorly the practices are implemented (e.g., road construction, soil compaction, sedimentation, loss of interior forest habitat)
Removal of non-timber flora	Scientific collection, wildflower collection, mushroom harvest
Mining practices	Oil and gas drilling, mineral extraction, peat moss mining
Non-Consumptive Biological Resource Use
Non-consumptive recreation	All-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, hiking, biking, equestrian activities, jet skis
Scientific research	Non-consumptive research
Military maneuvers	Heavy artillery training, heavy equipment movements, bunker construction
Pollution
Urban, municipal and industrial	Solid waste, acid rain, oil and gas drilling/mining
Pesticides and herbicides	Agriculture practices, golf course practices, mosquito control, gypsy moth control
Biological Interactions
Invasive plants and animals	Expanding ranges, introduced plants, introduced animals, introduced predators, cats and dogs; includes native and exotic species
Disease, pathogens and parasites	West Nile Virus, Duck Virus Enteritis (duck plague), Leucocytozoonosis, Brainworm, Chytridiomycosis, Bovine tuberculosis and other diseases, pathogens and parasites
Other biological interactions	Hybridization, loss of key predators
Modification of Natural Processes
Climate change	Natural processes, human-influenced changes
Grazing and mowing patterns	Fire suppression, challenges to using fire as a conservation tool
Altered fire regime	Frequency of mowing, high-intensity grazing
Altered hydrologic regimes	Water withdrawal, drains, tiles, added water
Fragmentation	Transportation infrastructure, rights-of-way
Education
Lack of scientific knowledge	Lack of management or inappropriate management due to lack of knowledge
Social attitudes	Persecution, ignorance, apathy
Unknown
Unknown	Unknown threats to landscape feature or species